Leaving Certificate Digestion Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Most absorption occurs in which part of the digestive system, which features villi?
• Brush border enzymes are enzymes on microvilli; which two examples are correct?
• A term for an animal that eats both plants and animals is called what?
• Give one digestive function and one non-digestive function of the pancreas.
• From what part of the digestive system does digested food enter the blood?
• What is enterohepatic circulation?
• Premolars and molars are primarily used for which function?
• Which organ stores bile?
• Which of the following is a function of the liver other than the manufacture of bile?
• What are the primary monosaccharides absorbed by the small intestine?
• Which organ is supplied with oxygenated blood by the hepatic artery?
• What structures greatly increase surface area for absorption in the small intestine?
• Amylase is an enzyme. Name one part of the digestive system where amylase is produced.
• Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients?
• Which action is a typical example of mechanical digestion?
• What type of food is mainly absorbed into the lacteal of the villi?
• Which sequence correctly lists the major sections of the human digestive tract from entry to exit?
• Which organ primarily detoxifies absorbed substances before they reach the bloodstream?
• Fat is broken down by X into Fatty Acids and Y. Identify X and Y.
• Which organ stores bile?
• Name two glands that pass their secretions into the small intestine.
• What hormone primarily triggers gallbladder contraction and bile release into the duodenum?
• Which nutrient absorption is aided by bile's emulsification of fats?
• Which transporter primarily mediates glucose uptake into enterocytes?
• State one reason why a low pH is important in the stomach.
• What is the pH of the stomach contents?
• Which organ manufactures bile?
• Which enzyme digests proteins?
• Name two protective mechanisms of the stomach against self-digestion.
• Which of the following is true about gastric acid?
• Which enzyme is active in the stomach and what is its primary substrate?
• Where is bile stored?
• What is meant by egestion?
• Which enzyme breaks fats into fatty acids?
• A diet which contains all the food types in the correct or suitable or optimum proportions is known as a ...
• In humans, heterotrophic means which of the following?
• Which statement best describes the path of absorbed fats from digestion to the bloodstream?
• How do the products of digestion pass into the blood?
• Which substance secreted by the stomach helps protect the stomach lining?
• Fructose exits the enterocyte on the basolateral membrane via which transporter?
• One function of symbiotic bacteria in the human digestive system is to:
• State one role of the pancreas in digestion.
• What is mechanical digestion?
• In which part of the digestive tract does vitamin B12 absorption occur due to intrinsic factor?
• Which tooth is primarily used for tearing?
• Name an enzyme involved in fat digestion.
• What name is given to the chemicals produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder, which emulsify fats to fat droplets?
• Where does the partially digested food go after leaving the stomach?
• Explain the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion and provide an example.
• Which organ stores bile?
• Give another function of bile, other than emulsifying fats, in relation to digestion.
• Rennin in infants digests which substance?
• Which feature best protects the small intestine from autodigestion by its own enzymes?
• What is the role of the ileocecal valve?
• What is the major difference between absorption pathways of carbohydrates and proteins versus fats?
• Beyond bile production, what key functions does the liver perform in digestion?
• Which term correctly describes the process of moving digestion products into the bloodstream?
• Which organ stores and concentrates bile?
• Which arrangement lists the segments that comprise the small intestine?
• Which statement about salivary amylase is true?
• What is emulsification and why is it necessary for lipid digestion?
• Which of the following is an adaptation of the villi that aids absorption?
• Where is the enzyme lipase secreted?
• Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for water and electrolyte absorption?
• Which organ produces bile used in fat digestion?
• What is the role of gastrin and where is it produced?
• What mechanism allows water absorption in the colon?
• Which statement about small intestine protection against autodigestion is NOT accurate?
• Amylase is an enzyme found in saliva. What is its substrate and product?
• In which part of the digestive system is water primarily absorbed?
• What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
• Through which vessel do chylomicrons ultimately enter the bloodstream?
• Which enzyme is most active in the stomach?
• The passage of digestion products from the intestine to the blood is called which process?
• Urea is formed in which organ?
• Which vessel carries nutrient-rich blood from the gut to the liver?
• What are symbiotic bacteria?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the primary monosaccharides absorbed by the small intestine?
• What is chemical digestion?
• Where are iron and folate primarily absorbed in the GI tract?
• Fructose absorption into enterocytes uses which apical transporter?
• Which action is a typical example of chemical digestion?
• Which hormone stimulates bile release and pancreatic enzyme secretion in response to fat in the duodenum?
• Name the blood vessel that joins the small intestine to the liver.
• State one way the ileum is adapted for absorption.
• Name a substance transported to the liver by the blood in the hepatic portal vein.
• Rennin's primary function is to curdle milk in the stomach of infants.
• Which organ secretes sodium bicarbonate to help neutralize stomach acid in the digestive tract?
• In the grassland chain Grass → Rabbit → Fox, which organism is a primary consumer?
• Where do the products of digestion enter the blood?
• Name the enzymes released by the pancreas that digest proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
• Lactose intolerance is caused by a deficiency of which enzyme?
• What is the role of bile salts in fat digestion?
• What is amylase?
• The condition of being extremely overweight due to overeating is called what?
• What triggers pancreatic bicarbonate secretion and what is its effect on pH?
• Name a site of amylase action.
• Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor for absorption, and where does absorption occur?
• Which statement about bile is true?
• What are the products of fat digestion?
• The process of taking food into the body through the mouth is known as ...
• From which part of the digestive system does egestion occur?
• Which organ produces bile?
• What is the approximate pH value in the mouth, duodenum, ileum and small intestine?
• Which statement about peristalsis is true?
• How are vitamins B12 and folate absorbed differently?
• Which region is primarily involved in bile acid reabsorption and vitamin B12 absorption?
• Which region of the small intestine is primarily responsible for chemical digestion and mixing?
• What describes the function of brush border enzymes?
• Which substance is transported to the liver by the hepatic portal vein along with nutrients?
• Which digestive juice is produced by the pancreas and what does it neutralize?
• Which basolateral transporter is used for fructose exit from enterocytes?
• What is the role of the esophageal sphincters in digestion?
• The role of bile in fat digestion is to perform which primary function?
• Which enzyme is primarily involved in fat digestion?
• Why are pancreatic proteases secreted as inactive zymogens?
• Which structure in the small intestine increases surface area for absorption?
• Proteins are digested to simpler substances. What are these simpler substances called?
• State the pH nature of the contents of the stomach and the small intestine.
• Explain the term omnivorous.
• True or False: The liver produces bile.
• Which region is the site for absorption of the intrinsic factor–vitamin B12 complex?
• Increasing wholegrain foods in the diet primarily helps by what mechanism?
• What is a protease enzyme?
• Name the small finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption in the small intestine.
• What is the function of pepsin and what triggers its activation?
• Which region is the major site of nutrient absorption?
• Where in the human alimentary canal is most water absorbed?
• Which particles transport dietary fats from enterocytes into the lymphatic system?
• Name an organ for churning food to chyme.
• Which enzyme digests proteins in the stomach?
• Which section of the small intestine is most efficient at nutrient absorption?
• Through which lymphatic structure are chylomicrons transported away from the intestinal mucosa?
• Through which transporter is glucose absorbed in the small intestine?
• The hepatic portal vein carries blood from the alimentary canal to the …
• Rennin is primarily important for digesting which in infants?
• Where is the liver located in relation to the stomach?
• State one role of the gall bladder in digestion.
• What is the inactive form of the digestion enzyme pepsin?
• Which cells in the stomach secrete acid and which secrete mucus?
• Which term best describes an organism that relies on consuming other organisms for its food?
• Name the part(s) of the digestive system in which the products of digestion are absorbed into the blood.
• Why is fibre important for digestion?
• Which layer of the intestinal wall contains enterocytes with microvilli?
• Name the blood vessel that brings oxygenated blood to the liver.
• How does the structure of the intestinal villus support absorption?
• Where does bile act in the alimentary canal?
• Which of the following is the substrate for salivary amylase?
• Why is digestion necessary?
• Why is gastric acid important for digestion?
• How are the portal vein and hepatic portal system related to digestion?
• Which statement describes the absorption pathways for carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?
• Pepsinogen is released into the stomach in which form?
• Which statement correctly describes the function of incisors in the dental formula?
• What is the role of bile in fat digestion?
• Which of the following is a storage function of the liver?
• What is the role of lacteals in the intestinal villus?
• Give one digestive function of the liver.
• Which component of gastric juice activates pepsinogen to pepsin?
• Lacteals are part of the villi and are responsible for which process?
• Which enzyme digests fats?
• Pepsinogen is produced by which cells of the stomach?
• What is meant by digestion?
• Which of the following is NOT a major pancreatic digestive enzyme?
• How is the pH of chyme adjusted as it enters the duodenum?
• Name a structure in the human digestive system, other than teeth, which is involved in mechanical digestion.
• The first section of the small intestine is the ...
• Which part of the small intestine is primarily responsible for folate absorption?
• Which pancreatic enzyme specifically digests fats?
• Which organ neutralises chyme by releasing bicarbonate into the small intestine?
• What is required for vitamin B12 absorption in the ileum?
• What acid is produced in the stomach?
• What is the process called where food is moved through the intestines by waves of rhythmic involuntary muscle contractions?
• The stomach releases an acid. Name that acid.
• Where are chylomicrons formed, and how do they reach the bloodstream?
• Which component of gastric juice is primarily responsible for creating the acidic environment in the stomach?
• What happens to absorbed amino acids and glucose after crossing enterocytes into the portal blood?
• Which hormone inhibits gastric acid secretion and stimulates insulin release in response to glucose?
• Where are brush border enzymes located and what is their general function?
• Constipation may result from reabsorbing too much of which liquid into the bloodstream?
• State one digestive function of the pancreas.
• Which hormone stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion and slows gastric emptying?
• A substance produced in the stomach that is responsible for heartburn is:
• Which hormone stimulates bicarbonate release from the pancreas?
• Which site is the primary site for folate absorption?
• Urea is formed in which organ?
• Where is bile produced?
• What are the products of fat digestion?
• Which organ produces bile and for what purpose in digestion?
• What is the role of intrinsic factor in digestion?
• What are the major digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas and their substrates?
• Where is pepsin produced?
• From the grassland food chain Grass → Rabbit → Fox, name a herbivore.
• State a role of beneficial bacteria in the alimentary canal.
• Name a structure involved in mechanical digestion besides teeth.